What are some advantages of the T-Tail design?

The T-Tail design offers several distinctive advantages, with increased vertical tail effectiveness and reduced downwash being among the most significant. In a T-Tail configuration, the horizontal stabilizer is positioned above the main wing, which allows it to operate in a cleaner airflow. This positioning minimizes the effects of wake turbulence generated by the wings, resulting in reduced downwash on the horizontal stabilizer.

As a result, the tail can maintain better effectiveness, especially during maneuvers where pitch control is critical. This benefit is particularly important in scenarios such as takeoff and climb, where the aircraft needs to maintain stability and control. The enhanced effectiveness of the vertical tail can lead to improved directional stability and better handling characteristics, aiding pilots in maintaining control throughout all phases of flight.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the advantages of a T-Tail design. While reduced drag can be a feature of some aircraft configurations, it does not specifically address the unique benefits offered by the T-Tail arrangement in terms of control and stability.