At what point is Rotation Speed (Vrot) reached?

Rotation Speed (Vrot) is defined as the speed at which the pilot initiates the aircraft's rotation to achieve liftoff from the runway. This typically occurs during the transition phase from the ground run to the lift-off attitude, indicating that the aircraft has reached a sufficient speed that allows the pilot to safely pull back on the control yoke or stick in order to raise the nose of the aircraft off the ground.

This action ensures that the wings generate enough lift to overcome the weight of the aircraft, allowing for a safe and successful takeoff. Vrot is critical for ensuring that the aircraft can safely depart the ground without risking a stall or other aerodynamic issues. Therefore, the moment when a pilot rotates the aircraft, which is precisely when Vrot is reached, signifies that the aircraft is ready for takeoff.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the context or timing of Vrot. Maximum altitude refers to the highest point an aircraft can reach, while the initial takeoff roll is the period before the aircraft has acquired enough speed to rotate. Lastly, maximum landing speed is a measure relevant to landing scenarios rather than takeoff, making it unrelated to the concept of rotation speed during takeoff.