Which phase of flight is considered critical when landing?

The phase of flight considered critical when landing encompasses both the takeoff and landing phases due to the high demands on the pilot's skills and attention during these times. During these phases, the aircraft is typically close to the ground, making timely and precise control of the aircraft essential for safety. The risks associated with landing include the potential for encountering obstacles, managing the aircraft's speed and configuration, and responding to any unexpected conditions or emergencies that may arise.

While the descent phase is certainly important, it does not encompass the full range of critical responsibilities that exists during the transition from flight to ground impact (landing) and from ground to flying (takeoff). Climbing and cruising phases have their own challenges, but they generally entail less immediate risk compared to the takeoff and landing phases, where the margin for error is significantly reduced. In these situations, pilots must be particularly vigilant, making the takeoff and landing phase a critical part of the flight.